Firefighter essentials 5th edition study guide

AirNow, n. Introduction This paper will describe three types of police plans which could be used after a natural disaster such as a category 5 hurricane slamming i Flashcards FlashCards Essays.

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Qualities Of A Firefighter At CPAT there are drills and exercise like: stair climbing endurance, hose drag, equipment carrying drills, ladder raising test, forcible entry, search train Police Plans Essay Introduction This paper will describe three types of police plans which could be used after a natural disaster such as a category 5 hurricane slamming i Shuffle Toggle On.

Card Range To Study through. What are the tactical priorities in Firefighting. Life Safety 2. Incident Stabilzation 3.

Property Conseration. Integrity obedience to the unenforceable 2. Moral Character Truthfullness and Honesty 3. Work Ethic do what needs to be done without being told 4. Pride How you look and Behave 5.

Organizational Principles. Unity Of Comand only one supervisor Span of Control number of individuals an officer can effectively manage , 5 optimal Division Of Labor break big job into small jobs Discipline setting limits and enforcing them. Engine Company.

Deploys Hoseline for fire attack. Truck Company. Peforms Forcible entry, search and rescue, ventilation, salvage and overhaul, utilities control, access to upper levels of structure. Rescue Squad. Searches for and removes victims from danger, may perform technical recue. HazMat Company. Brush Company. Extinguishes wildland fires. Special Rescue Company. Responds to and performs technical rescues.

Fire Police Personnel. Assist Law enforcement officers with traffic control. Fire Prevention Personnel. Guide to Decision Making. Components of ICS. Safety Officer Liaison Officer Point of contact for government and nongovernment agencies in incident Public Information Officer Interfaces with public or media. Resource currently committed to an assignment. Resource has checked in at incident and is available for assignment.

The function of directing ordering and controlling resources by virtue of explicit legal, agency, or delegated authority. Geographical designation assigning responsibility for all operations within an area. Assigned clockwise on a wildfire and by floor on multi story fire.

Functional designations forcible entry, salvage, ventilation, etc. Written or unwritten plan for managing an emergency. Strike Team. Set number of resources of the same kind. Task Force. Any combination of resources assembled in support of a specific mission.

Other Organizations at an Incident. On average the number of firefighters that die in the line of duty each year. Causes of Firefighter Fatalities. Consensus Standard. Rules, principles or measures that are established through agreement of members of the standards-setting organization. Risk Manaagement Plan. Written plan that identifies and analyzes the exposures to hazards and includes selection of appropriate risk management techniques to handle exposures, implementation of chosen techniques, and monitoring the result of those techniques.

NFPA Relates to Firefighter Saftey and Health. NFPA Topics. Supplied Air Respirator. An atmosphere providing respirator for which the source of breathing air is not designed to be carried by user. Does apply to federaly employed firefighters, prvate sector firefighters. Industrial Fire Brigade.

Team of employees organized within a private company who are assigned to fight fires. Employee Assistance Program. Available to employee and their families to aid in soling work and personal problems. Jump Clear of Apparatus. If in contact with energized electrical wires. Student to Instructor ratio for live fire training.

Size Up Critical Factors. Structure Fire Tactical Priorities. Personnel Accountability Report. Report made to the IC signifying that companies working on incident are safe and accounted for. The primary search has been completed and all salvageable occupants are out of the hazard zone. The fire is controlled with the forward fire progress stopped, no additional units will be required, no dangers to firefighters.

Propert Conservation is complete. Rapid Intervention Crew. Safety Rule. How many lanes next to MVA should be closed. At least One. Personnel Accountability Systems. List three ways to preventing firefighter injuries? Only take on significant risk if a life can be saved No building is worh a firefighter Dont go interior if building is derilct or unoccpied.

How can you avoid slips trips and falls at fire station? What NFPA standard must live fire training exercises meet? What are two basic interior operations techniques?

Scan the outside of bulding to locate egress routes Wear full PPE including SCBA and use air management plan Take the appropriate tools with you Maintain team integrity Take a hoseline or tagline Pay attention to your immediate surroundings. Hand Tool Safety. Wear PPE Remove loose clothing remove jewelry select the right tool for the job follow manufacturer's instruction. Power Saws. Exothermic heat reaction.

Endothermic Heat Reaction. Chemical reaction in which a substance absorbs energy. Oxygen , Fuel , Heat. Fire Tetrahedron. Oxygen, Fuel, Heat, Self-Sustaining chemical reaction. Potential Energy. Stored Energy possessed by an object. Kinetic Energy. Energy possessed by a moving object. The capacity to perform work. Measurement For Heat Energy. Autoignition Temperature.

Same as ignition temperature except that no external ignition source is required for ignition because the material itself has been heated to the ignition temperature.

Autoingnition temp is always higher than piloted ignition. Sources of Heat Energy. Spontaneous Heating Materials. Three types of heat transmission. Conduction direct contact Convection heat from liquid or gas to a solid surface Radiation electromagnetic waves.

Passive Agents. Materials that absorb heat but do not participate actively in the cobustion process. Fuels with high moisture content. Reducing Agent. The fuel that is being oxidized or burned during combustion.

Vapor Density. Specific Gravity. Flash Point. Minimum temperature at which a liquid gives off enough vapors to form an ignitable mixture with air near the liquid's surface.

Fire Point. Temperature at which a liquid fuel produces sufficient vapors to support combustion once the fuel is ignited.

Usually a few degrees above the flash point. The extent at which a substance will mix with water. Liquids with low flash points. Surface-To-Mass Ratio. Is the primary concern for solid fuels. Fules with a higher stm ratio burn more readily. Log vs. Heat of Combustion. Total amount of energy releases when a specific amount of the fuel is burned.

Heat Release Rate. Is the energy released per unit of time as a given fuel burns. Over TIme. An atmosphere that is oxygen deficient. Has less than Atmosphere is Oxygen enriched when. It has more than Flammable Range. The range between the upper flammable limit and lower flammable limit in which a substance can be ignited. Right mix of gas and O2.

Colorless Odorless dangerous gas formed by the incomplete combustion of carbon. It combines times more completely with hemoglobin. Carbon Monoxide. Colorless, odorless, heavier than air gas that nether supports combustion or burns. Used in portable extinguishers to extinguish B or C fires by smothering or displacing oxygen. Carbon Dioxide. Colorless liquid with a pungent choking odor which is iritating to the mucous membranes.

Reddish Brown gas. Nitrogen Dioxide. Colorless gas with a sharp pungent odor. Mixes with water to form hydrochloric acid. Hydrogen chloride. Colorless gas with a choking or suffocating odor. Sulfur Dioxide. Colorless liquid with petroleum like odor. Fires that involve cooking oils. Class K. Fires that involve normal combustibles. Class A.

Fires that involve flammable liquids. Class B. Phenomenon that occurs when mixtures of alkaline based chemicals come into contact with cooking oils creating a soapy film. Factors influencing the development of a fuel controlled fire.

Neutral Plane. The interface between the hot and cooler gas layers at the opening. Condition in which the super heated gases released in a confined space during the incipient or early steady-state accumulate at the ceiling level. These gases are pushed away from the fire area into uninvolved areas where they mix with oxygen.

Then it burns and rolls over your head. Flashover Indicators. Hot gases overhead and lowering of hot gas layer.

A strong air in smoke out phenomena. Isolated Flames traveling in the hot-gas layer. What temps do flashover commonly occur. Instantaneous explosion or rapid burning of superheated gases that occurs when oxygen is introduced into an oxygen depleted space. Visual Indicagtors of Backdraft. Inwardly drawn smoke little or no visible flame puffing smoke leaving building Black smoke that becomes dense gray or yellow Pressurized smoke Smoke stained windows.

A fire in a Large Compartment. What temp does water convert to steam and how much does it expand. Roof trusses, Wall frames, Doors and frames. Balloon Frame. Studs extend from the basement to the roof. This allows fire ro spread undetected through holow walls. Bar Joist. Joist constructed of steel with bars in the vertical web space. Early failure when exposed to fire is likely. A horizontal structural component subjected to vertical loads.

Bowstring Truss. A roof assembly with a curved or arched top chord. Very strong unless exposed to direct flame. Butterfly Roof. V shaped roof in which the two sides slope toward a valley in the middle. A beam that is unsupported at one or both ends. Typically used to support balconies or apartments. Wood board made by gluinf and pressing wooden strands. The main structural members of a truss as distinguished from diagnols.

An open space between the roof and ceiling of a commercial or industrial building. Space between roof and ceiling in a residential building.

A vertical supporting member. Columns may be wooden or steel posts. Horizontal lay of masonary units. Curtain Wall. Nonload bearing exterior wall used as a weather barrier but not for support. High rises have curtain wals that are sheet glass in frames. Curtain Board. Nonload bearing interior wal extending down from a roof or ceiling to limit the horizontal spread of fire and heat.

The edge of a pitched roof that overhangs an outside wall. Engineered I Beam. A woden I beam consisting of continuous wooded upper and lower chords seperated by a web of OSB or similar sheet rock. Fire Door. Solid core door, door frame, and hardware. Meant to keep fires to one section of a building.

Fire Load. Total potential heat release if a building and its contents burned. Fire Wall. A rated assembly that extends from the foundation to and through the roof of a building to limit fire spread. Gable Roof. A pitched roof characterized by quare cut ends or sides that slope down from the ridge line to the eaves. Gable Wall. A wall rising to meet a gable roof at the end of a building.

Found at the ends of gable roofs. Gambrel Roof. A roof characterized by a single ridge line from which roof sections on both sides of the ridge descend at different pitches. Common on barns. Horizontal structure meant to support beams or joists. Glue-Lam Beam. A wooden structural member composed of relatively short pieces of lumber glued and laminated together under pressure.

Gusset Plate. Wooden or metal plate used to connect structural members that are butted together. Header Course. Course of bricks laid with the ends facing outward. Hip Roof. A pitched roof in which the ends are all beveled so that there are no gable walls.

Interstitial Space. An area between layers of building materials. Horizontal structural members used to support a ceiling or floor. Lamella Arch. An arch constructed of short wooden members connected in a specifc geometric pattern. Found in older buildings. Mansard Roof. Steeply sloped facets surrounded by a flat or nearly flat center section. Open Web Joist. A joist constructed with a web composed of materials such as bars or tubes that do not fill the entire web space. Parallel Chord Truss.

A truss contrsucteed with the top and bottom chords parallel the trusses are used in floor joists and in multi story buildings. A wall at the edge of some roofs. Most parapet walls range from a few inches to a few feet in height. Party Wall. A wall shared by two adjoining buildings, usually load bearing. The steeper the pitch the greater the trip hazard.

The top or bottom horizintal member of a frame wall. Sole Plate or Top Plate. Platform Construction. Frame type construction in which each floor interrupts the exterior studs forming an effective fire stop at every floor. This is the most common type of construction. A wooden structural panel made of glued sheets of wood.

Beams that span from a ridge board to an exterior wal plate to support roof decking. Rated Assembly. Two or more construction components combinged to form an assembly that has a specific fire resistance rating. Fire Doors, gypsum Drywall. Reinforced Concrete. Concrete that has rebar. Sawtooth Roof. A roof with a saw blade profile, These roofs are common in older industrial buildings. Plywood, OSB, or Wooden Planking that has been applied to a wall or roof over which a weather resistant covering is applied.

Shed Roof. Pitched roof that slopes in only one direction from the ridge. Degradation of concrete to prolonged exposure to high heat. A vertical structure member in a frame wall. Force that tends to pulls the mass of a material apart. A wooden or metal structural unit made up of one or more triangles in a flat plane.

Type I Construction. Fire Resistive Maintains Its Integrity after a fire Made with Reinforced concrete and structural members have insulation or automatic sprinklers for protection. Type II Construction. Type I Construction Strengths. Type I Weaknesses. Type II Construction Strengths. Type II Construction Weaknesses. Type III Construction. Ordinary Construction Exterior walls and structural members be made of noncombustible or limited combustible material. Type III Strengths.

Resists fire spread from the outside Relatively easy to vertically ventilate. Type III Weaknesses. Interior structural members vulnerable to fire involvement Fire spread potential through concealed spaces Susceptible to Water damage. Type IV construction. Heavy Timber Exterioir and Interior walls be made of noncombustible or limited combustible materials.

Type IV Strengths. Type IV Weaknesses. Susceptible to fire spread from outside Potential for flame spread to nearby structures. Type V Construction. Wood Frame Construction construction made completely or partly of wood Smaller dimansion than haevy timber construction. Type V Strengths.

Type V Weaknesses. Susceptible to fire spread from outside Rapid flame spread inside Total collapse possible Water damage. What are you looking at when doing a building size-up.

Dangerous Building Conditions. Conditions that contribute to the spread and intensity of the fire Conditions that make buildings susceptible to collapse. Collapse Zone. The area extending horizontally from the base of the wall to one and one half times the height of the wall. Rain Roof. Second roof constructed over an old roof. Drag Rescue Device. Nylon and Polyester. Never wear these in firefighting ops, they melt. Wear cotton. How high should boots be. Hydrogen Chloride. Hydrogen Cyanide.

Irritates nose and throat. Hemoglobin saturated with carbon monoxide and therefore unable to absorb needed oxygen. Etiological Agents. Living microorganisms, like germs, that can cause human disease. Point Of No Return. That time at which the remaining operation time of the scba is equal to the time necessary to return safely to a nonhazardous atmosphere.

Harness Assembly. Rigid frame that holds air cylinder. Air Cylinder Assembly. Includes cylider valve, presure guage, and PASS device in some units. Main weight of breathing apparatus. Regulator Assembly. Includes High Pressure Hose with low pressure alarm, by-pass valve, and pressure redusing device. Facepiece assembly. Includes facepiece len, exhalation valve, low pressure hose. Low Pressure Alarm. Open Circuit Airline Equipment.

Airline equipment that allows exhaled air to be discharged into the open atmosphere. Closed Circuit Breathing Apparatus. Exhalations are rebreathed after CO2 has been removed. Not approved for firefighting. Chemical O2 restores O2 concentrations. How do you check for positive presure in facemask. Clean after each use Inspect every month Annual Maintenance.

Hydrostatic Testing. A testing method that uses water under pressure to check the integrity of pressure valves. Male Coupling. Side of coupling pointing to EXIT. Female Coupling. Side of coupling pointing to Fire. Tag Line. Nonload bearing rope attached to an object to help steer it in adesired direction or act as a safety line.

Types of Fire Extinguishers. Smothering Oxygen Exclusion Cooling Reducing fuel below its ignition temp Chain Breaking Interrupting the chain reaction Saponification Forming an oxygen-excluding soapy foam. Pump-Tank Water. Stored Presure Water.

Class A Fires. Dry Powder. Halon and Extinguishing Agent. Any substance used for the purpose of controlling or extinguishing a fire. Wet Chemical Extinguisher. Carbon Dioxide Extinguishers. Dry Chemical Extinguishers.

Uses a dry chemical powder as the primary extinguishing agent, often used to protect areas containing volatile flammable liquids. Extinguishing characteristics of water. Extinguishing characteristics of Carbon Dioxide. Oxygen Depletion. Extinguishing characteristics of Foam. Extinguishing characteristics of Clean Agent. Chain Inhibition. Extinguishing characteristics of Dry Chemical. Extinguishing characteristics of Wet Chemical. Extinguishing characteristics of Dry Powder. Substance or mixture composed of 2 or more metals.

Extinguishing Agent suitable for use on combustible metal fires. Wet Chemical System. Extinguishing system that uses a wet-chemical solution as the primary extinguishing agent. Water Mist. Aqueous Flm Forming Foam. Synthetic foam concentrate that, when combined with water, can form a complete vapor barrier over fuel spills and fires and is highly effective extinguishing agent on hydrocarbon fuels.

Clean Agent Extinguishers. Limited reach No freeze protection. Wheeled extinguishers. Dry Chemical. Dry Chemical Extinguishing Agents.

Operating a wheeled extinguisher. Stretch hose out completely. Class A Fire Icon. Class B Fire Icon. Class C Fire Icon. Class D Fire Icon. Total Flooding System. Fire-Suppression System designed to protect hazards within enclosed structures. Foam is released into a compartment or area and fills it completely to extinguish a fire.

Washing Natural Fiber rope. Water initially strengthens then weakens it so can't use water to clean. Have to wipe of as much dirt as possible. Washing Synthetic Fibers. Running End. Rope end used for hoisting, pulling, or belaying. Working End. End used in forming a not also called the bitter end or loose end. Standing Part. Part between the working end and the running end.

Ladder Belt. Belt with a hook that secures the firefighter to the ladder. Class I Harness. Goes around waist and thighs or under buttocks and is intended to be used for emergency escape. Class II Harness. Goes around waist thighs or butocks and is intended to hold a load up to lbs. Loks just lke class I harness. Class III Harness. Harness that fastnes around the waist, thighs, and over shoulders. Also known as full body harness.

Up to lbs. Saving a Life from fire or accident. Incidents involving the removal and treatment of victims who are trapped by some type of man-made machinery. Fire Attack and Interior Search Operations should be started Primary Search Priorities. Equipment used in primary search. If you cant see your feet because of smoke You shouldn't be walking upright.

Search Line System. When searching a multistory building the most critical areas are the Fire flor, flor directly above the fire, and the topmost floor. These should be searched first. During Primary search what should be done to doors. Marking Systems for Search and Rescue.

Chalk or Crayon Duct Tape door markers latch straps. Markings: One slash on door. Means room is being searched. Marking Systems: Two slashes. Means room has been searched. Incline Drag. Used by one rescuer to move a victim up or down stairs. Blanket Drag.

Can be used by one rescuer and a blanket or sheet. Cradle In Arms Carry. Used to carry children or smal adults if they are conscious. Conscious or unconscious, using two recuers. A luminous discharge of electricity across a gap. Air Vacuum. Used with the air knife to remove soil near a trench collapse victim. High Pressure Bags. High Pressure bags made of rubber and reinforced with steel or Kevlar.

Don't lift as far as medium and low pressure bags. Low and Medium Pressure Bags. Used to stabiize and lift cars. How many bags should be stacked when lifting or stabilizing.

No more than 2. Max contact temp allowed for air bags. Series of Pulleys in a wood or metal frame used to provide mechanical advantage. Block and Tackle. Turn Off Headlights. When they are not needed at an emergency scene to avoid blinding oncoming traffic. System used for sorting and classifying accident victims. Process of providing additional support to key places between an object of entrapment and the ground.

When disabling power to vehicle by cutting cables what do you cut first. Black or Negative. Side Impact Protection System. How long can power remain in restraint system after battery has been isolated. Type of glass manufactured from two sheets that are bonded to a sheet of plastic between them.

Used inWindshields. Used in side windows. Designed so that glass breaks into many small pieces. Tempered Glass. Type of Construction Resistant to Earthquakes.

Type V. Type Of Collapse: contains multiple voids. Simultaneous failure of exterior walls. Pancake Colapse. Type Of Collapse: Outer walls remain in tact and the upper floors and or roof sections fail. Good chance of habitable void spaces along wals. V shaped collapse. Type Of Collapse: When one outer wall fails while the other stays in tact. Lean-To Collapse. Type Of Collapse: Occurs when the floor and or roof assemblies on both sides of a center wall collapse into what might be seen as opposing lean to colapses.

A Frame collapse. Collapse that happens after the initial collapse of a structure. Secondary Collapse. How far should ladders extend outside of a trench. How far should a trench be cordoned off. Characteristics of Confined Space. Large enough that an employee can bodily enter and perform assigned work Limited or restricted means to exit and entry Not designed for continuous employee occupancy.

What must be stationed at the confined space entrance to track personnel and equipment entering and leaving the space.

In a confined space rescue where must the command post be stationed. What is the distance rescuers should stay away fom downed power lines. One span between poles. Techniques used byfire personnel to gain entry into buildings, vehicles, and aircraft when normal means of entry are locked or blocked.

Forcible Entry. Smaller versions of the pick headed and flat headed axe are used for overhoaul. Pick Head Axe.

Prying tool with a claw at one end and a spike or point at a right angle to a wedge at the other end. Halligan Tool. Rebar Cutters. Not meant to cut power lines. Oxyacetalene Torches. Hand carried or Wheeled Cut through heavy metal components. Colorless gas that has an explosive range from 2. Never exceed 15 psi operating pressure when operating. OxyGasoline cutting torches. Dual Hose New to fire service fully functional undr water Fire cant go back up line because fuel is delivered in liquid form.

Burning Bars. Exothermic Cutting Rods Cuts through concrete and metal very fast. Plasma Cutters. Metal Cutters Numerous gases. She met a Polish bus driver with a habit of calling round at three A. A trembling hand smoothing back his remaining wisps of hair. Felix dropped to his knees, because I heard the disappointed whine as it shot up toward a million miles of sky, come to my side, cordoned by matching brick walls topped by verdigris metalwork!

Enjoy and know yourself!. Chapter Chi-Square Tests: Solutions Chapter-ending Thinking About Research sections contain summaries of published studies and critical thinking questions about the design and the reasons for the design used in the study.

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